|
MORPHO-AGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS |
Descriptor name
Description
Apiculus is the tip of the lemma or palea. Color is examined at post-harvest. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in 1992).
Apiculus is the tip of the lemma or palea. Color is examined during reproductive stage. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in1992).
Auricles are small paired ear-like appendages on either side of the base of the leaf blade. Color is examined at late vegetative stage. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in 1991).
Awn is a bristle-like extension of varying lengths originating from the lemma of the grain. Color is recorded at reproductive or anthesis stage. Observed in all species.
Presence of awn is examined at reproductive or anthesis stage. Observed in all species.
The uppermost leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm is taken as a representative blade. Color is taken at late vegetative stage. Observed in all species.
Blade pubescence is the presence of hairs in the blade surface. Recorded at late vegetative stage. Observed in all species (started in wild species in 1992).
Color of the outer surface of the leaf sheath. Examined on the first leaf below the flag leaf. Recorded at vegetative stage. Observed in all species.
Collar is the joint between the leaf sheath and leaf blade. Color is examined at late vegetative stage. Observed in cultivated species.
Culm angle readings are based on plants grown in the entire plot. - Recorded after flowering. Observed in all species.
Culm diameter of basal internode is taken in mm (n=3) from the outer diameter of the culm measured at the mid-portion of the culm. Transformed to coded data. Recorded after flowering.
Culm length is measured in cm from ground level to the base of the panicle (n=5). - Transformed to coded data. Measured at full anthesis. Observed in all species.
Culm or tiller count includes both panicle-bearing and non-bearing tillers (n=5). Transformed to coded data. Recorded after flowering. Observed in cultivated species.
Culm strength is characterized by gently pushing the tillers back and forth at a distance of about 30 cm.from the ground. This test gives some indication of brittleness and resilience. Recorded at reproductive stage for cultivated and at harvest for wild.
The starchy endosperm is classified based on the staining reaction of the cut surface of endosperm (n=5) to weak KI-I solution. Waxy starch stains brown; nonwaxy stains blue black. Examined at post harvest. Observed in all species
Leaf angle is measured near the collar as the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis (n=5). Recorded at 7 days after anthesis. Observed in wild species.
Leaf angle is measured near the collar as the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis (n=5). Recorded after heading. Observed in cultivated species.
Internode is the smooth, solid (when young), or hollow (when mature) part of the culm between two successive nodes. Color is examined at reproductive stage. Observed in all species.
The angle of openness of the blade tip is measured against the culm on the leaf below the flag leaf. Recorded prior to heading. Observed in cultivated species.
The completeness of the plant growth in a growing season is observed. Recorded after one year. - Observed in wild species.
Ligule is the thin, upright, membranous structure attached to the base on the inside of the leaf blade. Color is examined at vegetative. Observed in cultivated species.
Ligule pubescence is the presence of hairs on the ligule surface. Recorded at anthesis. Observed in wild species.
Ligule is the thin, upright, membranous structure attached to the base on the inside of the leaf blade. Shape is examined at late vegetative in cultivated species, and at anthesis in wild species.
Leaf length is measured in cm from the topmost blade below the flag leaf on the main culm (n=5). Transformed to coded data. Recorded at late vegetative stage.
Lemma is the five-nerved and outer bract of the floret. Palea is the three-nerved bract of the floret which fits the lemma. Color is examined at anthesis. Observed in wild species.
Lemma is the five-nerved and outer bract of the floret. Palea is the three-nerved bract of the floret which fits the lemma. Color is examined at post-harvest. Observed in all species.
Lemma and palea pubescence is the presence of hairs on the hull surface. Recorded at post-harvest. Observed in cultivated species.
The leaves below the flagleaf are observed at the time of harvest for their retention of greenness. Observed in all species.
Leaf texture is recorded at 75 days after germination. Observed in wild species.
Leaf width is measured in cm at the the widest portion of the blade on the leaf below the flag leaf (n=5). Recorded at late vegetative stage.
Node is the solid portion of the culm, panicle axis, and panicle branches. Color is examined at reproductive stage. Observed in all species.
Panicle axis is the main axis of the inflorescence, extending from the panicle base to the apex. Recorded at reproductive stage. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in 1992).
Panicle axis is the main axis of the inflorescence extending from the panicle base to the apex. Texture is recorded at 7 days after anthesis. Observed in wild species.
Panicle exsertion is the insertion of the panicle above the flag leaf sheath. Recorded after anthesis. Observed in all species.
Length of panicles (n=5) is measured in cm from the base to the tip of the panicle. Recorded at post-harvest for cultivated, at reproduction for wild species.
The degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity of the sample. Observed in African cultivated.
Panicle shattering is the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle at maturity. Observed in all species.
Panicle threshability is the extent of grain removal when matured panicle is grasped by hand and a slight rolling pressure is applied between the palm and the fingers. Recorded at harvest. Observed in all species.
Panicles are classified according to their mode of branching, angle of primary branches and spikelet density. Recorded at reproductive stage. Observed in all species.
Rhizome and stolon formation is examined at harvest. Observed in wild species.
Seedlings at 5-leaf stage is measured in cm from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade. Transformed to coded data. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in 1992).
Secondary branching bearing the spikelets is examined at reproductive stage. Observed in all species.
Seed coat color is the color of dehulled grains. Examined at post-harvest. Observed in all species.
Sterile lemmas are the two flowerless bracts at the base of the spikelet. Color is examined at reproductive stage. Observed in all species (discontinued in wild species in 1992).
Sterile lemmas are the two flowerless bracts at the base of the spikelet. Length is measured in mm and made on each of the two sterile lemmas (n=10) at post-harvest. Observed in all species.
Sterile lemmas are the two flowerless bracts at the base of the spikelet. Shape is examined at post-harvest. Observed in wild species.
Spikelet fertility measurement is taken from counts of well developed fertile spikelets in proportion to total number of spikelets on five panicles at harvest. Observed in all species.
Stigma is the pistil of a flower upon which the pollen is deposited during pollination. Color is examined at reproductive stage. Observed in all species.
Classification of accessions into variety groups is based mainly on the morphologic features of the adult plant, and to a certain extent, on grain appearance. Recorded at reproductive stage. Observed in Asian cultivated species.